Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable power to protect delicate skin. This calming component has long been employed in a number of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective qualities. Creating a physical shield on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful sunlight